Sunday, 9 October 2022

Nobel Prizes 2022

 THE NOBEL PRIZES 2022

Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony.


The Nobel Prizes are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest 

benefit to humankind." Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously 

known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his "remaining 

realizable assets" to be used to establish five prizes which became known as "Nobel Prizes." Nobel Prizes 

were first awarded in 1901.

Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace 

(Nobel characterized the Peace Prize as "to the person who has done the most or best to advance 

fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and 

promotion of peace congresses").

In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) funded the establishment of the Prize in Economic 

Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, to also be administered by the Nobel Foundation. 

Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available 

in their respective fields.

The prize ceremonies take place annually. Each recipient (known as a "laureate") receives a gold medal, 

a diploma, and a monetary award. In 2021, the Nobel Prize monetary award is 10,000,000 SEK.

A prize may not be shared among more than three individuals, although the Nobel Peace Prize can be 

awarded to organizations of more than three people. Although Nobel Prizes are not awarded 

posthumously, if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize is presented.

The Nobel Prizes, beginning in 1901, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, starting in 1969.

Following the practice, this year 2022,too, 6 noble prizes were given away:

The noble prizes were given away in the same 6 categories: 1)Medicine/Physiology 2)Physics 3) Chemistry 4) literature 5) Peace ^ Economics.

1)Medicine/Physiology:   Prof Pääbo, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, achieved what many scientists believed to be impossible when, in 2010, he sequenced the genome of the Neanderthal, an extinct relative of present-day humans.

He went on to discover a previously unknown branch of the human family tree by extracting DNA from a 40,000-year-old finger bone found in a cave in Siberia. The new hominid was named Denisova after the location in which the bone was discovered.  

2) Physics:  The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 to

Alain Aspect
Institut d’Optique Graduate School – Université Paris-
Saclay and École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France

John F. Clauser
J.F. Clauser & Assoc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA

Anton Zeilinger
University of Vienna, Austria

Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger have each conducted groundbreaking experiments using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated. Their results have cleared the way for new technology based upon quantum information. 

Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger have each conducted groundbreaking experiments using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated. Their results have cleared the way for new technology based upon quantum information.

3) Chemistry: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 was awarded jointly to Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry"


4) Literature: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022 was awarded to Annie Ernaux "for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory"


5)Peace: Nobel Peace Prize for 2022 has been conferred to human rights advocate Ales Bialiatski from Belarus, Ukrainian human rights organization named Center for Civil Liberties and the Russian human rights organisation Memorial.



These awardees have advocated for human rights, democracy and peaceful coexistence in the three neighbouring countries.
They have, for years, supported the right to criticize the political power and sought to safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens.
In addition, they played a major role in recording cases of human rights abuses, war crimes, and abuse of power.
Together, they have demonstrated the importance of civil society in safeguarding peace and democracy.
6) The Economics Nobel Prize 2022: has been conferred to

Ben S. Bernanke
The Brookings Institution, Washington DC, USA

Douglas W. Diamond
University of Chicago, IL, USA

Philip H. Dybvig
Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA

They have significantly improved our understanding of the role of banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises. An important finding in their research is why avoiding bank collapses is vital.


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