Constitutional/legal upheaval 2025

Constitutional/legal upheaval 2025 

=>Assam bans polygamy: The Assam Assembly on Thursday (November 27, 2025) passed the Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill, 2025, aimed at penalising those who enter into a second marriage without legally dissolving the first. The proposed legislation was tabled in the 126-member House on November 25.

=>4 Labour Codes in India: The four labour codes in India are: the Code on Wages, 2019; the Industrial Relations Code, 2020; the Code on Social Security, 2020; and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020. These codes aim to simplify and consolidate India's fragmented labour laws to provide stronger protections for all workers, including those in the unorganized sector. They cover key aspects like minimum wages, social security, working hours, and workplace safety.

=>The new labour code 2025: The "New Labour Code 2025" refers to the ongoing implementation of four new codes that consolidate and simplify India's 44 central labor laws into a more streamlined system. Key aspects include universal minimum wages, a standardized definition of "wages" to increase benefits, and extending social security coverage to gig and platform workers. The codes also aim to improve the ease of doing business by standardizing processes and include provisions for occupational safety and potential flexibility in work hours, such as a four-day workweek.  

=>8th Central Pay Commission: The Commission will comprise one chairperson, one part-time member and one member-secretary. It will make its recommendations within 18 months of the date of its constitution. Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai will act as the chairperson. Professor Pulak Ghosh of the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore has been appointed as a part-time member, while Petroleum Secretary Pankaj Jain will serve as the member-secretary.

=>Mizoran passes 'no beggary' bill: The Mizoram Assembly on Wednesday (August 27, 2025) passed a Bill to prohibit beggary in the state.

=>Assam passed a bill making elderly care compulsory:  Assam government employees will be liable to part with 10 to 15 per cent of his monthly gross salary if found guilty of not taking adequate care of his or her dependent elderly parents and physically challenged siblings.

=>Central Govt. decides for the cast census:

=>Tamil Nadu govt. appointed a panel to study Center-State relations: Tamil Nadu chief minister and DMK president MK Stalin on Tuesday announced a high-level committee headed by a retired Supreme Court judge to protect the rights of states, a move that comes shortly after the state won a legal battle in the Supreme Court over the powers of the Governor to stall state business (the court effectively ruled that there were none).

=>What’s new in the Income Tax Bill 2025: The Income-tax Bill, 2025, which was introduced in Lok Sabha on Thursday, intends to simplify India’s six-decade-old structure of direct taxation by streamlining provisions, removing obsolete references, and creating a crisper and simpler legal framework. Once passed by Parliament, the new law will likely come into effect on April 1, 2026.

Here are highlights of the new Income Tax Bill, 2025:

1) Removal of obsolete provisions.

2)Tax year instead of previous year and assessment year

3)Change in structure of Income Tax Act

4)Made new tax Bill more comprehensive

5)No major change in tax laws.

=>UCC implemented in Uttrakhand:  Uttrakhand became the state in India. The Uttarakhand government on Monday rolled out the Uniform Civil Code. The rules manual for the UCC and a portal for applications under the new rules were inaugurated by Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami at the CM’s camp office in Dehradun.